Creating artificial gills

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Questions 1-10 Listen from here

You will hear a woman giving a talk at a popular science convention. She is describing research into artificial gills designed to enable humans to breathe underwater.

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Background

Taking in oxygen; mammals - lungs; fish - gills
Long-held dreams - humans swimming underwater without oxygen tanks
Oxygen tanks considered too 1 and large
Attempts to extract oxygen directly from water
1960s - prediction that humans would have gills added by 2
Ideas for artificial gills were inspired by research on
- fish gills
- fish swim bladders
- animals without gills - especially bubbles used by 3

Building a simple artificial gill

Make a watertight box of a materiaI which lets 4 pass through
Fill with air and submerge in water Important that the diver and the water keep 5
The gill has to have a large 6
Designers often use a network of small 7 on their gill

Main limitation - problems caused by increased 8 in deeper water

Other applications

Supplying oxygen for use on 9
Powering 10 cells for driving machinery underwater

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